This is obviously a generalisation, however in my 18 years of recruiting for senior roles, a recurring pattern is as follows: a male will apply for a role if they meet, say, 4 of the 6 selection criteria and do so with the confidence they can perform in the position; a female, by comparison, won’t apply or even engage in conversation unless they can match with 6 from 6. This is an instructive article from the HBR blog titled Four Ways Women Stunt their Careers Unintentionally.